Lot No: 789
Estimate(RMB): 30,000-50,000
Price Realized(RMB): --
說明:薩特作福樓拜研究札記13頁,未刊,內容可與其論文集《家庭的白癡—福樓拜1821-1857》(L'Idiot de la famille)1971、1972年Gallimard版互相參看,可知系該書的早期稿本。
此稿為薩特親筆手書,法語,含大量批校刪改筆跡,每頁均標注頁碼。文稿分三部分:204至206頁,207頁(兩次),208至215頁。其中標“207”的兩頁以黑色墨水書寫,內容與其他用藍色墨水寫成的十一頁迥異。稿中關于“想象”“夢”等意象著墨較多,這是因為薩特采用了當時流行的精神分析法來研究福樓拜的深層次心理。他寫道“福樓拜舍棄了他對于想象的現實主義理論,因他意識到想象是無序且非自發性的”。
薩特在文稿中認為:福樓拜的夢不是單純的逃離現實,而是對現實的徹底毀滅否定,轉而追求虛無的想象;拒絕接受現實,正是福樓拜消極逃避主義的體現。同時,薩特將荒誕派戲劇作家讓·熱內(Jean Genet)與福樓拜進行對比,指出熱內的想象力是爆發式而又自相矛盾的,對羞恥的奮力攻克幾乎是不真實的,并引用熱內名言“我啐的一口濃痰就是自己最寶貴的鉆石!”,這和福樓拜是截然相反的。1952年薩特曾為熱內撰寫傳記《圣人熱內,演員以及烈士》。
薩特從事福樓拜研究三十年,他說“福樓拜成了我的心病”。1947年起便在《什么是文學》中以“不介入世務的福樓拜”為靶子進行批判;晚年耗時七年研究福樓拜的童年、家庭和寫作動機,成三大卷《家庭的白癡—福樓拜1821-1857》。該長篇論著在1955、1956年開始構思起稿(此文或即作于此時),1957年命名。1966 年在《摩登時代》雜志(Les Temps modernes)連載部分內容及長文《福樓拜的階級意識1837-1840》(La Conscience de classe chez Flaubert),后又發表《福樓拜——從詩人到藝術家》(Flaubert, du poète à l'artiste)。相關文稿1968、1969年完成校訂,由Gallimard于1971年出版前兩卷,1972年出版第三卷。單獨評述《包法利夫人》的第四卷在薩特過世前仍未完成,1988年再版時作為附件收錄其中。
薩特對于福樓拜基本采取“清算”態度:福氏雖憤世嫉俗,觸及社會不公、時代壓迫、人類困境,但總體而言作為資產階級家庭的“白癡”,對自身階級既不懈又不舍,因此“雖有對資產階級的嘲諷,但沒有革命的效力”。福樓拜厭世被動、未老先衰,不清楚自己到底該為誰寫作“為藝術而藝術”,不僅不批判自己資產階級出身,也不介入現實,更未為革命搖旗吶喊。福樓拜代表薩特所不滿的全部——“福樓拜正好是我的反面”。
JEAN PAUL SARTRE NOTES OF RESEARCH ON FLAUBERT
Thirteen pages (with certificate)
Dated circa 1954-1956
27×21cm×13
RMB: 30,000-50,000
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